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Rule of Nines:
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The Rule of Nines is a method used to estimate the total body surface area (TBSA) affected by burns. It divides the body into sections that represent approximately 9% (or multiples of 9%) of the total surface area, allowing for quick assessment in emergency situations.
The calculator uses the Rule of Nines formula:
Where each body region has a fixed percentage:
Explanation: The percentages are based on adult proportions. For children, adjustments are needed as their head represents a larger proportion of body surface area.
Details: Accurate TBSA estimation is crucial for determining fluid resuscitation needs, prognosis, and treatment decisions in burn patients. Burns covering more than 20% TBSA typically require intravenous fluid resuscitation.
Tips: Enter the percentage burned for each body region. The calculator automatically sums these values and provides the total percentage of body surface area affected by burns.
Q1: Is the Rule of Nines accurate for children?
A: No, children have different body proportions. For infants, the head represents about 18% and each leg 14% of TBSA.
Q2: What about partial thickness burns?
A: Only include areas with partial thickness (second degree) or full thickness (third degree) burns in your calculation.
Q3: How does this relate to the Lund-Browder chart?
A: The Lund-Browder chart is more accurate as it accounts for age-related changes in body proportions, but the Rule of Nines is quicker for initial assessment.
Q4: What's the significance of the palm method?
A: For small burns, the patient's palm (including fingers) represents about 1% of their TBSA and can be used to estimate burn size.
Q5: When should I seek medical attention for burns?
A: Seek immediate care for burns >10% TBSA in adults, any full-thickness burns, burns to face/hands/feet/genitals, or electrical/chemical burns.