1. What is Pediatric Fluid Replacement?

Pediatric fluid replacement therapy is used to correct dehydration and maintain proper hydration in children. It accounts for fluid deficit, maintenance requirements, and ongoing losses.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the standard formula:

Where:

• Deficit = Weight (kg) × % Dehydration × 10 (mL/%/kg)
• Maintenance = Holliday-Segar method (100 mL/kg/day for first 10 kg, 50 mL/kg/day for next 10 kg, 20 mL/kg/day for each kg above 20 kg)
• Ongoing Losses = Measured or estimated losses (mL/hour) × hours

3. Importance of Fluid Replacement

Details: Proper fluid management is critical in pediatric patients due to their higher body water content and limited reserves. Accurate calculation prevents both under- and over-hydration.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter weight in kg, dehydration percentage (clinical estimate), replacement period in hours (typically 24 hours), and any ongoing losses if applicable.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: How is dehydration percentage estimated?
A: Clinically assessed by examining skin turgor, mucous membranes, fontanelle, capillary refill, and other signs (mild: 3-5%, moderate: 6-9%, severe: ≥10%).

Q2: What fluids are typically used?
A: For most cases, isotonic solutions like 0.9% saline or lactated Ringer's are used. Composition may vary based on electrolyte abnormalities.

Q3: How should the fluid be administered?
A: Half of the deficit is typically given in first 8 hours, remainder over next 16 hours, with maintenance and ongoing losses distributed evenly.

Q4: When should IV fluids be used vs oral rehydration?
A: IV for severe dehydration, shock, or inability to tolerate oral intake. Oral rehydration is preferred for mild-moderate cases when possible.

Q5: Are there special considerations for neonates?
A: Yes, neonates require more precise calculations and different fluid compositions due to immature renal function.