1. What is Neonatal Urine Output?

Neonatal urine output is a critical measure of kidney function and hydration status in newborns. Normal urine output in neonates is typically 1-3 ml/kg/hr. Values outside this range may indicate dehydration or kidney dysfunction.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the following formula:

Where:

• \( Urine\ Output \) — Total urine volume collected (ml)
• \( Weight \) — Infant's weight in kilograms
• \( Time \) — Collection period in hours

Explanation: The formula normalizes urine output by the infant's weight and the time period over which urine was collected.

3. Importance of Urine Output Monitoring

Details: Monitoring urine output is essential for assessing renal perfusion, fluid balance, and detecting early signs of dehydration or renal failure in neonates.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the total urine volume collected (in ml), the infant's weight (in kg), and the time period over which urine was collected (in hours). All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is normal urine output for neonates?
A: Normal urine output is 1-3 ml/kg/hr. Preterm infants may have slightly lower normal ranges.

Q2: When should I be concerned about urine output?
A: Urine output <0.5 ml/kg/hr may indicate oliguria, while >4 ml/kg/hr may suggest polyuria.

Q3: How is urine output typically measured in neonates?
A: Usually via diaper weights (1 gram = 1 ml) or catheter collection in critical cases.

Q4: Does urine output vary with gestational age?
A: Yes, extremely premature infants may have lower normal urine output initially.

Q5: What factors can affect neonatal urine output?
A: Fluid intake, medications, renal function, cardiac output, and endocrine factors.