1. What is the Rule of Nines?

The Rule of Nines is a method used to estimate the total body surface area (TBSA) affected by burns. It divides the body into sections that represent 9% or multiples of 9% of the total body surface, providing a quick way to assess burn severity.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Rule of Nines formula:

Where:

• Head — 9% of TBSA
• Each Arm — 9% of TBSA
• Each Leg — 18% of TBSA
• Front Torso — 18% of TBSA
• Back Torso — 18% of TBSA
• Genitals — 1% of TBSA

Explanation: The percentages are based on adult body proportions. For children, different percentages apply as their body proportions differ from adults.

3. Importance of Burn Assessment

Details: Accurate burn assessment is crucial for determining treatment needs, fluid resuscitation requirements, and whether transfer to a burn center is necessary. Burns covering more than 20% TBSA typically require hospital admission.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the percentage burned for each body region. The calculator sums these values to determine total body surface area affected. Remember that the Rule of Nines is an estimation tool - actual burn size may vary.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Is the Rule of Nines accurate for children?
A: No, children have different body proportions. For infants, the head represents a larger percentage (18%) and legs a smaller percentage (14% each).

Q2: What about partial thickness burns?
A: Only include areas with partial thickness (second degree) or full thickness (third degree) burns. First degree burns (sunburn-like) should not be included.

Q3: When is the Rule of Nines not appropriate?
A: For very small burns or scattered burns, the "palmar method" (patient's palm = ~1% TBSA) may be more accurate.

Q4: How does burn percentage affect treatment?
A: Burns >10% TBSA often require IV fluids, >20% require hospital admission, and >30% are life-threatening.

Q5: What other factors affect burn severity?
A: Burn depth, location (face, hands, feet, genitals are more serious), and patient age/health status all impact severity.