1. What is the Rule of Nines?

The Rule of Nines is a method used to estimate the total body surface area (TBSA) affected by burns. It divides the body into sections that represent 9% or multiples of 9% of the total body surface area.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Rule of Nines formula:

Where:

• Head — 9% of total body surface area
• Each Arm — 9% (total 18% for both arms)
• Each Leg — 18% (total 36% for both legs)
• Front Torso — 18%
• Back Torso — 18%
• Genitals — 1%

Explanation: The percentages are adjusted for partial burns in each region. The sum of all affected areas gives the total burn surface area percentage.

3. Importance of Burn Surface Area Calculation

Details: Accurate TBSA calculation is crucial for fluid resuscitation (Parkland formula), determining burn severity, prognosis, and need for transfer to burn centers.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the percentage burned for each body region. The calculator automatically limits values to the maximum possible for each region (e.g., cannot enter more than 9% for head).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: How does this differ for children?
A: Children have proportionally larger heads (up to 18%) and smaller legs. The calculator uses adult proportions.

Q2: What about palm method?
A: For small burns, the patient's palm (including fingers) represents ~1% of TBSA. This calculator focuses on larger burns using Rule of Nines.

Q3: What TBSA requires hospitalization?
A: Generally >10% TBSA in adults or >5% in children/elderly requires hospital admission.

Q4: How accurate is Rule of Nines?
A: It provides a quick estimate. More precise methods like Lund-Browder charts are used for definitive assessment.

Q5: What about circumferential burns?
A: Circumferential burns (completely around a limb/torso) may require escharotomy regardless of percentage.